Karl Benz and the First Practical Automobile

In 1885, a German mechanical engineer named Karl Benz designed and built the worlds first practical automobile powered by an internal-combustion engine. A year later, Benz received the first patent (DRP No. 37435)  for a gas-fueled car  on January 29, 1886. It was a three-wheeler called the Motorwagen or Benz Patent Motorcar. Benz built his first four-wheeled car in 1891. He started Benz Company and by 1900 became the worlds largest manufacturer of automobiles. He also became the first legally licensed driver in the world, when the Grand Duke of Baden granted him the distinction. Whats especially remarkable was that he was able to achieve these milestones despite coming from a relatively modest background.   Early Life and Education Benz was born in 1844 in Baden Muehlburg, Germany (now part of Karlsruhe). He was the son of a locomotive engine driver who passed away when Benz was only two years old. Despite their limited means,  his mother ensured he got a good education. Benz attended the Karlsruhe grammar school and later Karlsruhe Polytechnic University. He studied mechanical engineering at the University of Karlsruhe and graduated in 1864 when he was only 19 years old. In 1871, He founded his first company with partner August Ritter and called it the Iron Foundry and Machine Shop, a supplier of building materials.  He married Bertha Ringer in 1872 and his wife would go on to play an active role in his business, such as when he bought out his partner, who had become unreliable. Developing the Motorwagen Benz began his work on a two-stroke engine  in hopes of establishing a new source of income. He had to invent many parts of the system as he went along, including the throttle, ignition, spark plugs, carburetor, clutch, radiator, and gear shift.  He received his first patent in 1879.   In 1883, he founded Benz Company to produce industrial engines in Mannheim, Germany. He then began designing a motor carriage with a four-stroke engine based on Nicolaus Ottos patent. Benz designed his engine and the body for the three-wheel vehicle with electric ignition, differential gears, and water-cooling. In 1885, the car was first driven in Mannheim. It achieved the speed of eight miles per hour during a test drive. After receiving a patent for his gas-fueled automobile (DRP 37435), he began selling his automobile to the public in July of 1886. Parisian bicycle-maker Emile Roger added them to his line of vehicles and sold them as the first commercially-available automobile. His wife helped promote the Motorwagen by taking it on a historic 66-mile trip from Mannheim to Pforzheim to show its practicality for families. At the time, she had to purchase gasoline at pharmacies, and manually repair several malfunctions herself. For this, an annual antique auto rally called the Bertha Benz Memorial Route is now held annually in her honor. Her experience led to Benz adding gears for climbing hills and brake pads. Later Years and Retirement In 1893, there were 1,200  Benz Velos produced, making it the worlds first inexpensive, mass-produced car. It participated in the worlds first automobile race in 1894, finishing in 14th place. Benz also designed the first truck in 1895 and the first motor bus. He patented the boxer flat engine design in 1896. In 1903, Benz retired from Benz Company.  He served as a member of the supervisory board of Daimler-Benz AG from 1926 until his death. Together, Bertha and Karl had five children. Karl Benz passed away in 1929.

Discuss the relative importance of physical and human...

There are many factors that account for the changes to the vegetation over time within ecosystems in the British Isles, such as human activity, climate, soil, light availability and intensity and natural disasters. The characteristics of the vegetation that are influenced by these factors are height, distribution, variety of species, adaptations and density of the vegetation. Some of these factors have relatively little influence on the succession development, whereas others have a dramatic influence over a long period of time, such as human activity. These factors, over time, result in the progression of a succession until the climatic climax vegetation is reached. However, sometimes these factors can mean that a plagioclimax is reached,†¦show more content†¦On average, the temperate deciduous woodland should receive around 750-1500mm of rain per year. If this number is greatly exceeded, then the soil will become saturated and the area will flood, suffocating the plants as they do not have access to sufficient oxygen and carbon dioxide. On the contrary, if there is not enough rainfall then the plants will also die because they do not have access to a plentiful supply of minerals that the water contains such as nitrogen and magnesium. One type of succession that can form an ecosystem is a lithosere. A lithosere is a plant succession that begins life on a newly exposed rock surface, such as one left bare as a result of glacial retreat, tectonic uplift as in the formation of a raised beach, or volcanic eruption. The lithosere succession is initiated by pioneer plants, such as blue and green algae with colonise the sock as there are into a lot of nutrients available and they have no root systems, so they can survive in the hostile conditions. The succession then progresses due to the pioneer plants dissolving the rock, resulting in a release of nutrients. This then means that mosses, lichens and liverworts are able to thrive on that ground as the moss can absorb nutrients from rain water and they provide their own energy from photosynthesis. These plants chemically decay the rock by releasing acids, and physically decay the rock as a result of their root systems, leadingShow MoreRelatedDiscuss the Relative Importanc e of Physical and Human Factors in Accounting for Changes to Vegetation over Time Within Ecosystems in the British Isles (40 Marks)1690 Words   |  7 PagesDiscuss the relative importance of physical and human factors in accounting for changes to vegetation over time within ecosystems in the British Isles (40 marks) The British Isles can be found in the Northern Hemisphere where deciduous forest is the main biome. Here physical and human factors have accounted for changes to the vegetation for many years. Human factors can include tourism, agriculture, urbanisation, interception and deforestation. Physical factors can be such things as natural disasters

Ethical Impact of Business and Organisational Research

Question: Discuss about the Ethical Impact of Business and Organisational Research. Answer: Introduction: The issue of unlawful or unofficial Internet usage while being in the workplace is something which is a major cause of concern for Employers. There are a number of issues which arises out of this kind of usage of Internet which is accessible to the employees of an Organisation. At the outset, unofficial usage of internet causes bandwidth wastage for an employer, other than this there could be Liabilities concerned with Legal affairs and there could also be threatening related to the security of the Employing organisation. It is also a huge reason of concern for most of the Employers because it surely affects the productivity of an Employee. Thus it affects the competence of Business, service to the Customers of a company. This unethical usage of Internet is termed as Cyber slacking. Cyber slacking is a huge concern for Employers these days. The unknown activity of an employee using the office internet may bring Legal issues to an Organisation. Also, there is a possibility of Company information which may be its trade secret, to be lost and the nature of confidentiality of the information may cause business damage to the Company if it reaches its competitors (Oswalt, 2010). Effect on Security of a Company: It is essential for an Employee of a Company to remember that the responsibility of an Employee is to protect the confidentiality of its Employers information. Otherwise, a competitor Company may damage its business in a permanent manner. So, while in advantage of having full access to internet and Bandwidth of the Employer Company, an Employee should always try to protect the security of its Employer. No amount of legal restriction may be sufficient to restrict an employee to not to breech its companys security laws. It has to be the ethical sense which must come into play, Similarly, it is the duty of a Companys IT Managers to try to protect the security of their Employer by means of technical, ethical and last but not the least Legal ways. One of the Technical methods is to keep Email filtering system into place so that Virus attacks could be prohibited and Company information which is confidential in nature could be well protected. It is important for IT Managers of a Company to train its employees on the ethical importance of maintaining the confidentiality of information that are important to the Company. The Veterans Data theft incident which took place in US in the year 2006 is an enormous example of the disorder this kind of incident may create. An Employee of the Veterans Affairs in US took his office laptop to his home. The Laptop contained valuable information including Social security numbers of 26.5 million veterans. The Laptop was stolen from the employees home and the entire unencrypted data was lost (Yerby, 2013). Effect on Productivity of an Employee: Prof Michael Oldenkamp, Department of Sociology, California State University, Los Angeles in his article on Cyber Slacking in the Workplace observes that during the period of Recession when Companies want more efficient hard work and productivity from its employees, the employees and his fellow workers in the University are keeping busy with their Social Networking sites like Facebook and Myspace. Cyber slacking is one of the biggest reasons for which Companies lose Dollars mounting to Millions every year. Studies show that Social Networking and visit to Pornography sites during an average workday causes approximately 40% of loss of productivity in US. Shopping sites are another obsession for employees nowadays. A survey conducted in US show that a collection of employees from three companies in USA lost 350 numbers of working days of 8 hour duration due to internet surfing. Therefore, the responsibility to keep Productivity intact at workplace lies with an Employee as well as with the IT Managers and Employer. The IT Managers have to keep a strict vigil so that the employees of the company spent least possible time surfing websites which are not of Official use to them. They should communicate firmly and very clearly about the restrictions and principle of the company to all its employees. Employees also on their turn should stick to the rules of the company in this regard to keep productivity at the satisfactory level (Tiwary, 2011). Misusing the Company Resources: While accessing Internet in office for personal usage, an Employee causes many a loss to the resources of a Company. Bandwidth of valuable amount is wasted due to this unethical use of internet. Moreover, traffic in Internet network gets exponentially heavy due to this. Chatting or instant messaging is another reason behind this increasing problem. A great amount of time and productivity is lost due to these factors and Company Resources are misused uncontrollably. According to Prof Steven Mintz, Professor of Accounting in the Orfalea College of Business at the California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo, CA, Loyalty is a very important thing in this respect. He states that loyalty of an employee is of two types mainly. The first type is the loyalty to ones own supervisor and the second type is the loyalty to the fellow colleagues, to the Employer and to the shareholders of the Company. So, out of loyalty, one employee should always refrain from activities which may harm the Company, the Employer and its shareholders. It lies within his responsibility to report any anomaly in this regard by any of his fellow colleagues to the management. So that the Company may remain safe and protected from any possible harm the misuse may cause to it. Also, it is necessary for the employee to make himself clear from any liability occurred by the acts of misuse by any of his colleague (Moussa, 2015). Liability of the Employer: The health of a business is subjected to more damage caused due to passing of contents which are inappropriate in nature than a threat caused by the security. There are a number of areas where liability of the employer may occur. Due to misuse of internet by its employees a company may have to borne the liability of Copyright infringement; it may lose important and confidential information to its competitors. In certain cases it may have to borne the liability of harassment of its employees also. The case of Chevron Corporation could be sited as an example of Company liability caused by its employee. The company had to pay a hefty sum of money to its women employees in the year 1995 to settle a lawsuit filed against them by the employees of the company regarding an incident of sexual harassment. Some of the employees of the company had sent obscene jokes to its woman employees. Inappropriate acts done by the employees of a company make it liable to legal actions. So, the IT Mangers of a company have to remain very cautious and alert to avert any such situation. Counseling and proper training of employees are the best possible solutions to keep a control on unwanted situations. Employee Internet use, and their use of social media in the workplace, is one of the top concerns being raised by our clients today, said According to Mr John Stoler who is the co-chair, Labour and Employment Practice of the Company Sheppard Mullin Richter and Hampton LLP said that the use of internet by Employees, the use and access of Social media by employees in their workplace is one of the growing concerns reported by the clients of the Organisation. There might be several other incidents like gambling via internet while at office, there might be accessing of pornographic elements being at office or other things which are considered as criminal activities. According to Mr Mark Neuberger of Foley and Lardner LLP, all these activities may cause liability to a company (Oswalt, 2010). Creating Legal and Ethical awareness among Employees: The role of an IT Manager of a company is to have a clear idea about legal and ethical angles of usage of Internet in the workplace. It is their responsibility to spread awareness among the employees of the Company so that they become able to draw a line between official usage and personal usage of internet while at job. Rather than enforcing legal bindings on an employee, an employer should try to create awareness in him so that he refrains from unethical activities. According to the study by Mr Johnathan Yerby, Lecturer, Middle Georgia State Colleges School of Information Technology, an employee should be very clear from the beginning that a Computer which is given to him for office work is not a private property and it is bound to be monitored by the management all the time (Lindorff, 2010). Conclusion: According to the study by Mr Johnathan Yerby, Lecturer, Middle Georgia State Colleges School of Information Technology, an Organisation needs to keep a watchful eye on its employees. Activity of each and every employee must be monitored by an Organisation to keep an environment of safety and security. IT Managers of a company has to train each of every employee to make them aware of their internet usage during office hours. They should be thoroughly educated on the possibilities of disciplinary actions in case of failing to maintain Company policy. IT Managers should be sincerely aware of the issues that may arise from Cyber slacking in workplace. So, it is their duty to take the employees at their side by means of proper training and technology, so that the work environment of the Company remains at its best level. References: Lindorff, M., 2010. The Ethical Impact of Business and Organisational Research: the Forgotten Methodological Issue?; www.ejbrm.com/issue/download.html?idArticle=168. Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods, 05(01), pp.21-28. Moussa, M., 2015. Monitoring Employee Behavior Through the Use of Technology and Issues of Employee Privacy in America; https://sgo.sagepub.com/content/5/2/2158244015580168. Sage. Oswalt, B., 2010. Cyberslacking Legal and Ethical Issues Facing It Managers; https://iacis.org/iis/2003/OswaltElliott-Howard.pdf. In CYBERSLACKING. Southern Arkansas. pp.646-52. Tiwary, D.K., 2011. Security And Ethical Issues In It: An Organizations Perspective; https://www.ijecbs.com/July2011/45.pdf. International Journal of Enterprise Computing and Business Systems , 01(02), pp.1-13. Yerby, J., 2013. Legal and ethical issues of employee monitoring; https://www.iiakm.org/ojakm/articles/2013/volume1_2/OJAKM_Volume1_2pp44-55.pdf. Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management, 01(02), pp.44-55.

Cost and Benefits of Project Management Project Dealing

Question: Describe about the Cost and Benefits of Project Management for Project Dealing. Answer: Introduction Engineering projects mainly deal construction and design of different mechanical, electrical, civil, electronics, ICT and other systems that are generally planned in a certain way to meet some specific sets of objectives. These objectives are mainly set in order to benefit some organizations or communities in different aspects like business, development, utilities and others. The administration of activities in the correct order with the assistance of appropriate devices and procedures is generally termed as project management (Schwalbe 2015). Project Management is fundamental for all associations for advancement or adjustments of business or engineering systems and different perspectives. While projects are planned or arranged, the primary point is constantly some adjustment in the existing system or a few alterations in the current association structure. Dealing with these tasks in the correct bearing is an imperative stride towards making the project an effective project for any e ngineering or business associations. In this research report, the results of the research based on the factors requiring close attention in the engineering project management have been published. Related Work, Background, Significance Related Works Alotaibi, Sutrisna and Chong (2016) said that the most critical part of an engineering project management is strategy of the parent organization. They said the entire project remains on the current hierarchical system and the target of the project is to additionally adjust or upgrade the authoritative technique to build up more control over the market. For this reason, the project is initially arranged with an arrangement of deliverables that should be met over the span of the project. After that, the project program is executed alongside portfolio administration. As it were, the hierarchical system is the establishment stone for the project to appear. This is valid, without an authoritative system, no project can be arranged and appeared. The whole project points of reference depend on the techniques of the association. In addition, the project developments to a great extent influence the current authoritative procedure. Nevertheless, in some cases, this is not valid in all cases. S ome of the time, the activities are not generally absolutely subject to authoritative procedures (Brle?i? Val?i?, Dimitri? and Dalsaso 2016). A few activities might be led for inner advancement that does not influence the general business technique of the association. Once more, there are different tasks that depend on development of a little or medium measured organization that is not identified with hierarchical strategies for success. Subsequently, "whole project relies on upon authoritative methodology" is a deceptive term. In his works, Ismaeel (2015) said that project program is the most imperative part of the business extend as it straightforwardly influences the hierarchical techniques and additionally the project manager. His purpose of contention is that the current hierarchical methodology chooses the start of the project. Nevertheless, the project program decides the future authoritative methodologies identified with the business and trade. For example, the association focuses on a particular change in system, subsequently, they choose to execute a project for the change. In any case, the result from the project program is distinctive. On the off chance that it is not gainful, it is totally disposed of. Then again, in the event that it is much more helpful than the first arrangement, then the authoritative procedure will change further to support the advantages that have been picked up from the project program (Rusare and Jay 2015). This is very valid in its own particular right the hierarchica l system decides the project program and the project program re-decides the future authoritative procedure. Nonetheless, there are imperfections in this announcement also. The last authoritative procedure does not just rely on upon the project program; it relies on upon the general project yield. The turning points of the project are accomplished by the general exercises of the project and that includes extend arranging, portfolio and project program. Thus, despite the fact that the announcement is consistent with very some expand, some of the time it is deluding. Lapina and Sluka (2015) in their works said that the portfolio administration is the most essential piece of an engineering project administration as it includes administration of assets and the working group by the project chief. Distinctive project supervisors have diverse goes up against activities and thus, there must be some reasonable principles and rules that ought to be taken after while dealing with the project. In addition, asset administration is a basic piece of project. Absence of assets will stop the project at a specific time while excessively numerous costs of assets will bring about decrease of money saving advantage proportion that will be picked up from the project result. Henceforth, dealing with the project unquestionably is important. Notwithstanding, this announcement is additionally not generally genuine. Controlling the exercises of project chief is not generally a smart thought. The project supervisor may have a few thoughts that can really profit the genera l project (Kerzner 2013). Once more, while executing the project, the director might have the capacity to distinguish certain dangers or blames inside the project that were not noticeable at first. Thus, without controlling the project supervisor exercises and depending altogether on portfolio administration, a few obligations ought to be given to him that he should oversee alone. Background Engineering projects mainly deal construction and design of different mechanical, electrical, civil, electronics, ICT and other systems that are generally planned in a certain way to meet some specific sets of objectives (Kerzner 2013). These objectives are mainly set in order to benefit some organizations or communities in different aspects like business, development, utilities and others. Excluding the community benefits and utilities, the other engineering projects are executed in a cost effective way i.e. the organization that performs the project expects the newly designed system to provide high levels of profits. The administration of activities in the correct order with the assistance of appropriate devices and procedures is generally termed as project management. Project Management is fundamental for all associations for advancement or adjustments of business or engineering systems and different perspectives. While projects are planned or arranged, the primary point is constantly some adjustment in the existing system or a few alterations in the current association structure (Schwalbe 2015). Dealing with these tasks in the correct bearing is an imperative stride towards making the project an effective project for any engineering or business associations. An effective project management framework comprises of various tools that will be discussed later. The final result of any engineering project must have a significant cost benefit proportion. Authoritative systems are constantly in light of expanding the resultant cost benefit proportion of any engineering system and consequently, analysis of the cost benefit aspect of an engineering project is necessary. However, there are some additional factors that are to be considered while doing cost benefit analysis (Rusare and Jay 2015). Some researchers emphasized on the fact that the cost benefit ratio should be considered on the long term basis rather than instantaneous effect. Hence, in any engineering project, the plan is prepared keeping in mind the long term effects of the project and the possible cost benefit that can be gained by the organization in the coming years. Significance This research is based on the project management for engineers. The main target of this research is to analysis engineering project management in order to find some weaknesses, loopholes and obsolete methods that are still present in the current system. As the engineering field is quite large, the main part of engineering project management that has been used as the subject of the research is cost and benefits of the engineering projects. However, the research is far more significant than the limits of the field chosen to analyze on. The research has been conducted by analyzing even minute aspects of engineering projects and their relationships with the business of an organization. Moreover, the objectives of the engineering projects and their expected benefits have been analyzed in order to evaluate the actual outcomes of the project. Furthermore, the costs and cost benefits that have been experienced by the organizations have also been researched in order to find more details of th e cost benefits of the engineering projects. In order to find these required data and information, the actual engineering designs, technical aspects, their effects on the business system of the organizations have all been analyzed on a broad scale and the works of reputed researchers have been used as references for the research. Research Method, Design, Proposed Statistical Analysis Research Method Different researchers prefer different methods for conducting their research activities. Some common research methods are as follow. Data Mining Some researchers prefer the more direct and easier way to reach the conclusions of the research. For this, the researchers analyze the works of their predecessors and identify some well-proven data present in their works. They then apply them in real life case studies to find their significances and applicability in order to reach the conclusions of their research. Experimental Evaluation Some researchers chose the longer way for their own research activities. Instead of direct data mining, they formulate their own theories by years of study and experimentation. These experiments are mainly based on the application of their own hypotheses on different real life mini or demo projects. Although this research method is long and time consuming, the outcomes of the research are more accurate as errors are removed by the iterative process of application of the researchers own hypotheses. In this particular research, the data mining methodology has been followed due to the limitations of academic environment. For the research, some of the journals published by reputed project managers have been studied. Moreover, the works of the researchers who based their works on the engineering project management have also been studied to learn the basic concepts and proven theories of project management. Design Various researchers prefer their own designs of research methodology. The most common designs of research are descriptive and explanatory. Descriptive design is mainly based on gaining the details of the events happening in the project for describing the effects and reasons of the events. On the other hand, explanatory design is based on formulation of several hypothesis for explaining the occurrence of certain events. In this research, descriptive design of methodology has been followed. For the research, the engineering project events have been analyzed and certain theories have been developed to explain the events. The events that have been put under the focus of the research are the weaknesses, loopholes and obsolete systems that are still being used in the engineering projects. Proposed Statistical Analysis The research is to be arranged with analysis deliverables that should be met throughout the project. After that, the project program is executed alongside portfolio administration. As such, the hierarchical technique is the establishment stone for the project to emerge. The whole project points of reference depend on the techniques of the association. In addition, the project points of reference to a great extent influence the current authoritative procedure. In any case, at times, this is not valid in all cases. Once more, the association focuses on a particular change in procedure, henceforth, the organizations choose to execute a project for the change. The result from the project program is distinctive. In the event that it is not valuable, it is totally disposed of. Then again, on the off chance that it is significantly more useful than the first arrangement, then the hierarchical procedure will change further to manage the advantages that have been picked up from the project pr ogram. This is very valid in its own privilege the hierarchical methodology decides the project program and the project program re-decides the future authoritative technique. Finally, different project managers have diverse approaches against activities and thus, there must be some appropriate norms and rules that ought to be taken after while dealing with the project. These factors are suggested to be analyzed for mining the statistics that are required for the analysis and research. Methodology and Results: Sample, Sampling, Data Collection, and Data Analysis Sample For the research purposes, samples are required for study and analysis. For this particular research, some real life case studies related to the engineering projects have been collected from various dependable sources that helped in development of the research conclusions and the verification of certain proposals. The main samples that were collected for the research were cost and benefits of project management for engineering projects. Collection of these samples helped in the analysis of data that were required to complete the research. Reaching certain conclusions set during the proposal were also possible due to proper selection of the data samples. Sampling Technique For collection of samples, a suitable sampling technique is needed so that the most suitable samples are collected. The field of research was project management. However, there are infinite number of samples for project management and hence, research of the overall subject was not possible within the academic environment. Hence, the subject of the research was narrowed down to cost and benefit of project management for engineering projects. For this reason, during sampling, the works and journals that were specifically based on these topics were selected. Moreover, unverified sources were excluded from the samples and only those with reliable sources and reputed authors were selected. Data Collection Data collection is an important of a research procedure. In this process, all the data that are related to the research are collected and filtered to identify the data and information that are specifically helpful for the research. Data collection is of two types qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative data collection, works of very reputed researchers are collected during the literature review of the research. High quality literature is collected in this phase that are already experimentally verified. These data and information help in the preparation of the project plan and development of the theories that are targeted to prove or otherwise as the ultimate outcome of the research. In quantitative data collection, a large amount of data is to be collected for verifying and cross-verifying certain propositions. Large amount of data is required because in some cases, few amounts of data is not sufficient for proving certain propositions. In this research, data has been collected from the works of the previous project managers that have been proven and verified by the international standards. These works acted as the sources of high quality literature that were useful for the preparation of the project proposition. Again, data from different sources like real life case studies were also collected for the quantitative analysis of the research proposition. Data Analysis This research has been conducted to understand more about the problems that are existing with engineering project management systems. These problems are continuously present in the project management but have not been mitigated until now. Some of these problems that are specifically targeted towards the cost and benefits of the organizations are as follows. IT Infrastructure As technology develops more and more, the need of upgrades for the existing systems in the organizations arises. This is mainly because the organization needs to be more competitive and advanced in the modern technical era. However, in the engineering projects, the need of the IT infrastructure is far more important. This is because, the engineering subjects are under constant research and new developments are coming out every day. Moreover, with the development of the new systems, new project techniques are developed that are conducted using certain softwares and other computerized processes. For these, development of IT infrastructure is necessary. However, it has been seen that most of the engineering organizations still lack proper IT infrastructure. Technical Knowledge From the data, it has been seen that the most engineering organizations conduct projects in spite of the fact that most of their employees lack sufficient technical knowledge. The research suggests that these employees have performed excellently during their academic careers but failed to perform sufficiently during the projects. The most suitable reason that has been found is that these employees (engineers) based their studies on the theoretical evaluation only and do not have sufficient exposure to the practical activities of the project. Again, some other engineers have found their way through their academic careers and into the organizations using unfair means. As a result, in spite of having sufficient number of employees in their project teams, the organizations could not earn significant cost benefits from the projects. Scope Rift From the data gathered in the research, it has also been seen that many of the engineering projects fail due to deviation or rift from the project scope. During the initial phase of the project, a certain project plan is prepared by estimating necessary resources and final project outcome. However, due to the developments and other factors during the project, certain changes are proposed and made and as a result, the scope of the project deviates from the original scope. Mainly, the scope is adjusted for the temporary benefit of the organizations but actually harms the company in the long run. Budget Budget is another important factor due to which many engineering projects stop immaturely. This mainly happens when unrealistic targets are set or the final end product of the project are not known before the initiation of the project. Due to this, in spite of having huge funding, if the project deliverables are not met, the company faces huge amounts of losses as well as no cost benefit is gained. Conclusion In this report, the main unsolved issues in the engineering project management have analyzed. This research has been conducted to understand more about the problems that are existing with engineering project management systems. These problems are continuously present in the project management but have not been mitigated until now. In this particular research, the data mining methodology has been followed due to the limitations of academic environment. For the research, some of the journals published by reputed project managers have been studied. Moreover, the works of the researchers who based their works on the engineering project management have also been studied to learn the basic concepts and proven theories of project management. In this research, data has been collected from the works of the previous project managers that have been proven and verified by the international standards. These works acted as the sources of high quality literature that were useful for the preparation of the project proposition. Again, data from different sources like real life case studies were also collected for the quantitative analysis of the research proposition. This research has been quite successful as most of the common issues persisting in the engineering project management have been identified. References Alotaibi, N.O., Sutrisna, M. and Chong, H.Y., 2016. 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CRC Press. Fitzsimmons, J. and Fitzsimmons, M., 2013.Service management: Operations, strategy, information technology. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Gido, J. and Clements, J.P., 2014.Successful project management. Nelson Education. Grefen, P., Pernici, B. and Snchez, G. eds., 2012.Database support for workflow management: the WIDE project(Vol. 491). Springer Science Business Media. Heagney, J., 2012.Fundamentals of project management. AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn. Ismaeel, W.S., 2015. Assessing and Developing the Application of LEED Green Building Rating System as a Sustainable Project Management and Market Tool in the Italian Context. Kerzner, H.R., 2013.Project management: a systems approach to planning, scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley Sons. Lapina, G. and Sluka, I., 2015. PROJECT LAB AS A LEARNING TOOL FOR DEVELOPMENT OF PROJECT MANAGEMENT COMPETENCES AT UNIVERSITY.Journal of Business Management, (10). Leach, L.P., 2014.Critical chain project management. Artech House. Marchewka, J.T., 2014.Information technology project management. John Wiley Sons. Rusare, M. and Jay, C.I., 2015. The project implementation profile: A tool for enhancing management of NGO projects.Progress in Development Studies,15(3), pp.240-252. Schumann, C.A., Gerischer, H., Tittmann, C., Orth, H., Xiao, F., Schwarz, B. and Schumann, M.A., 2014. Development of International Educational Systems by Competence Networking based on Project Management.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,119, pp.192-201. Schwalbe, K., 2015.Information technology project management. Cengage Learning. Turner, R., 2016.Gower handbook of project management. Routledge. Verzuh, E., 2015.The fast forward MBA in project management. John Wiley Sons. Walker, A., 2015.Project management in construction. John Wiley Sons.